The Ultimate Guide To Lilies: 40 Stunning Varieties And Growing Tips
Lilies are a group of flowering plants which are important in culture, symbolizing purity, renewal, and transformation across various civilizations. From ancient Greek mythology to modern wedding bouquets, these elegant flowers have captured human imagination for centuries. Whether you're a seasoned gardener or a flower enthusiast, understanding the diverse world of lilies can transform your garden into a spectacular display of color and fragrance.
Understanding the Lily Family
Lily, genus of 80 to 100 species of herbaceous flowering plants of the family Liliaceae, native to temperate regions of the northern hemisphere. The lily family, also known as Liliaceae, is a diverse group of plants that includes over 4,000 species. These plants are characterized by their showy, trumpet-shaped flowers and long, slender leaves. Many are prized ornamental plants and have been cultivated for thousands of years for their beauty and symbolic significance.
Lilies, botanically known as Lilium, are flowering plants that belong to the family Liliaceae. They are native to the temperate regions of the northern hemisphere, including Europe, North America, and Asia. This wide geographic distribution has resulted in remarkable diversity, with different species adapted to various climates and growing conditions. The name "Lilium" comes from the Greek word "leirion," which was used to describe the Madonna lily, one of the most iconic lily species.
Popular Lily Types and Their Characteristics
From Asiatic and Oriental to Easter lily flowers and more, the world of lilies offers incredible variety. Asiatic lilies are among the earliest bloomers, typically flowering in early to midsummer. They're known for their vibrant colors, ranging from deep reds and oranges to soft pinks and yellows. Unlike many other lily types, Asiatic lilies are generally unscented, making them perfect for those who prefer flowers without strong fragrances.
Oriental lilies, on the other hand, are prized for their intoxicating fragrance and large, showy blooms. These late-summer bloomers come in shades of white, pink, and crimson, often with distinctive spots or stripes. Their powerful scent makes them excellent choices for cut flowers, though they can be overwhelming in small, enclosed spaces. Easter lilies, scientifically known as Lilium longiflorum, are perhaps the most recognized variety, traditionally associated with spring celebrations and religious ceremonies.
Creating a Season-Long Lily Display
By carefully blending early, midseason, and late varieties of lily into your garden, you will enjoy their magnificent blooms from early summer through fall. This strategic approach to planting ensures continuous color and interest throughout the growing season. Start with Asiatic lilies in early summer, follow with trumpet and Aurelian hybrids in midsummer, and finish with Oriental lilies in late summer and early fall.
Fragrant lilies for cut flowers deserve special attention in your garden planning. Oriental lilies, particularly varieties like 'Stargazer' and 'Casablanca,' are renowned for their strong, sweet perfume. Trumpet lilies, including the popular Easter lily, also offer excellent fragrance and make stunning cut flowers. When harvesting lilies for indoor arrangements, cut stems in the early morning when flowers are just beginning to open, and remove the pollen-coated anthers to prevent staining.
Exploring Lily Divisions
Our tour though each lily division will introduce to some of the classic pure white lilies, but also showcase the incredible diversity within the genus. The North American Lily Society recognizes nine horticultural divisions of garden lilies, each with distinct characteristics:
- Asiatic Hybrids: The most popular garden lilies, known for their hardiness and wide color range
- Martagon Hybrids: Featuring downward-facing flowers with recurved petals
- Candidum Hybrids: Including the classic Madonna lily with its pure white blooms
- American Hybrids: Native North American species with turk's cap flowers
- Longiflorum Hybrids: The Easter lily group with elegant, trumpet-shaped flowers
- Trumpet and Aurelian Hybrids: Large, fragrant flowers in mid to late summer
- Oriental Hybrids: Late-blooming, highly fragrant varieties
- Interdivisional Hybrids: Crosses between different lily groups
- Species Lilies: Wild species and their direct hybrids
Top 18 Types of Lilies for Your Garden
If you're looking for the perfect lily to grow in your garden, this complete guide by a master gardener for the top 18 types of lilies is exactly what you need! Here are some standout varieties that deserve special attention:
Asiatic Lilies: 'Monte Negro' (deep red), 'Connecticut King' (yellow), and 'Corsica' (orange) offer reliable, easy-care options for beginners. These hardy bulbs multiply readily and require minimal maintenance.
Oriental Lilies: 'Stargazer' remains the most popular variety with its striking crimson and white petals. 'Casa Blanca' provides pure white, highly fragrant blooms, while 'Dizzy' offers unique red speckled flowers.
Trumpet Lilies: 'African Queen' produces stunning orange blooms with bronze highlights, while 'Golden Splendor' offers rich golden-yellow flowers that can reach 8 inches across.
Species Lilies: Lilium regale (Regal lily) features elegant white trumpets with yellow throats, while Lilium martagon offers unique turk's cap flowers in shades of pink and purple.
Growing and Caring for Lilies
Discover the stunning beauty of different types of lilies by understanding their specific growing requirements. Most lilies prefer well-drained soil and full sun to partial shade. Plant bulbs in fall or early spring, positioning them 6-8 inches deep and 8-12 inches apart. Lilies benefit from regular watering during active growth but require excellent drainage to prevent bulb rot.
From oriental hybrids to unique lily species, learn about the diverse world of lily varieties and their specific care needs. Asiatic lilies are generally the most adaptable and easiest for beginners, while Oriental lilies may require more attention to soil pH and moisture levels. All lilies appreciate a layer of organic mulch to keep roots cool and moist during summer heat.
Fertilize lilies in early spring as new growth emerges, using a balanced fertilizer or one slightly higher in phosphorus to promote blooming. Remove spent flowers to prevent seed formation, which can reduce next year's bloom production. Allow foliage to die back naturally, as this helps replenish the bulb for future growth.
Companion Planting with Lilies
Lilies work beautifully in mixed borders and can be paired with various companion plants to enhance their beauty and extend the flowering season. Consider planting lilies alongside:
- Perennials: Daylilies, phlox, and coneflowers provide complementary colors and textures
- Annuals: Petunias, marigolds, and zinnias offer season-long color while lilies are establishing
- Shrubs: Roses, hydrangeas, and spirea create a layered effect in the garden
- Groundcovers: Creeping thyme or ajuga help keep lily roots cool while adding interest at ground level
Troubleshooting Common Lily Problems
While lilies are generally hardy plants, they can face several challenges that gardeners should be aware of. The most serious threat is the lily beetle, a bright red pest that can quickly defoliate plants. Regular inspection and hand-picking are the most effective organic control methods. Fungal diseases like botrytis can affect leaves and flowers during wet weather, while viruses can cause streaking and distortion of foliage.
Bulb rot is another common issue, typically caused by poor drainage or overwatering. Ensure your planting site has excellent drainage, and consider raised beds or container growing if your soil is heavy clay. Rodents and deer may also pose problems, as both find lily bulbs and flowers quite tasty. Physical barriers or repellents may be necessary in areas with high wildlife pressure.
The Cultural Significance of Lilies
Lilies have played important roles in various cultures throughout history. In ancient Greece, lilies were associated with Hera, the queen of the gods, and were said to have formed from drops of her breast milk. In Christianity, the Madonna lily symbolizes purity and is often associated with the Virgin Mary. Chinese culture views lilies as symbols of good fortune and abundance, while in Victorian flower language, lilies represented refined beauty and sweetness.
Today, lilies remain popular in weddings, funerals, and other significant ceremonies. Their elegant form and often powerful fragrance make them ideal for expressing sympathy, celebrating love, or marking important life transitions. The wide variety of lily types ensures that there's a perfect variety for every occasion and personal preference.
Conclusion
The world of lilies offers endless possibilities for gardeners and flower enthusiasts alike. From the classic purity of Easter lilies to the exotic beauty of Oriental hybrids, these remarkable plants bring elegance, fragrance, and color to gardens and arrangements. By understanding the different types of lilies and their specific needs, you can create a stunning display that evolves throughout the growing season.
Whether you're drawn to the easy-care Asiatic lilies, the intoxicating fragrance of Orientals, or the unique forms of species lilies, there's a lily variety perfect for your garden. Remember to plant a succession of early, midseason, and late varieties to enjoy continuous blooms from early summer through fall. With proper care and attention, your lilies will reward you with years of spectacular flowers and the timeless beauty that has made them cherished across cultures for millennia.
